This unit was dedicated to the auditory effects, that is, . That we use to convey information using our organs of speech. They can be broadly divided into two different categories: and : which are 20 and 24 in English, respectively. To represent sounds in a written form, we can use the which indicate long vowel sounds using “ : ” at the end.

When we put sounds together, we form , phrases, sentences, and utterances in general. When we do this, the ideal way to pronounce individual sounds is not always respected.

We tend to change it in order to facilitate using three different methods of simplification: , by making neighbouring sounds more alike; , by eliminating some sounds; and by adding sounds or pronouncing them as part of the following or the previous word when putting words together.

Stress and intonation, which are or characteristics of sounds regarded as segments, also play an important role in communication. Stress gives to our speech by contrasting stressed and unstressed sounds. Intonation is the rising or falling of our utterances, that is the of our voice, and it also has to do with (loud vs. soft), (-fast vs. slow), and with made when we speak. Both stress and intonation are important because they can change the of the same utterance.